全國(guó)2005年7月高等教育自學(xué)考試經(jīng)貿(mào)知識(shí)英語(yǔ)試題

I. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right:(5%)
(   ) 1. discrimination      A. introduction of something new
(   )2. maturity           B. a practical advantage given to one over others
(   )3. innovation         C. the time when a note or bill of exchange or a loan becomes due
(   )4. preference          D. the total annual income of a state
(   )5. revenue           E. treatment or distinction in favor of or against a person, group, etc., not based on individual merit
II. Translate the following words and expressions:(10%)
(i)From English into Chinese:
6. title of the goods
7. partial shipment
8. contract proper
9. gold tranche
10. board of directors
(ii)From Chinese into English:
11. 無(wú)形貿(mào)易
12. 承運(yùn)人
13. 成本節(jié)約
14. 可保利益
15. 外匯
III. Make brief explanations of the following  and give the full term of the  abbreviation in English: (20%)
16. sight draft
17. tariff
18. consignee
19. principle of indemnity
20. EXW
IV. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate wordfrom the list（You can only choose 10 from the following 12 words in the box）:  (10%)

import         other     production     export      profitable       haveemphasizes     but       absolute       than        efficiency       theory 
International trade is often explained by the theory of comparative advantage, also called the comparative cost theory. This (21)___________was developed by David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill, and (22)___________economists in the nineteenth century. The theory (23)___________that different countries or regions have different (24)___________possibilities. A tropical climate is better suited for growing bananas (25)___________a cold one. A country like Norway could produce bananas in hothouses, (26)___________it is cheaper for Norway to (27)___________bananas than to produce them. Thus, climate establishes a trade pattern between a northern and a southern country. In other cases the availability of natural resources may be a trade factor.
The theory of comparative cost points out that trade between countries can be (28)___________for all, even if one of the countries can produce every commodity more cheaply. As long as there are minor, relative differences in the (29)___________of producing a commodity, even the poor country can (30)___________a comparative advantage in producing it.
V. Translate the following into English :(25%)
31. 低收入國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮也會(huì)給發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家?guī)?lái)好處。
32. 世界貿(mào)易組織的目標(biāo)之一是實(shí)現(xiàn)充分就業(yè)。
33. 跨國(guó)公司的內(nèi)部交換占整個(gè)國(guó)際貿(mào)易的一個(gè)很大的比例。
34. 大多數(shù)公司寧可付已知的費(fèi)用即保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而不愿面對(duì)不確定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)損失。
35. 清潔提單是指提單上未加任何有關(guān)包裝或貨物外表不良的批注。
VI. Translate the following into Chinese:(15%)
36.
The most important organization that helps each country to handle with financial affairs is the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It is an institution affiliated with (附屬于) the United Nations and set up at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944 to promote international monetary cooperation, facilitate the expanded and balanced growth of international trade, promote exchange stability, help establish a multilateral system of payments for current transactions among members, and make available to members the fund’s resources. Thus the overall aim of the IMF is to minimize imbalances in the international balance of payments of any of its members and to tide them over (渡過(guò)困難) temporary deficits.
A member with a balance of payments deficit can borrow foreign currency from the IMF. Much like a commercial bank, the IMF, which is based in Washington, D. C., does not make unrestricted loans to anyone. Rather, its loan decisions are made after careful negotiations concerning changes in economic policy that must be followed by the would-be borrower.得分VII. Answer the following questions in English :  (15%)
37. Do you think that the letter of credit as a means of payment is perfect¡ Why do you think so¡
38. What is a contract¡ What may happen if a contracting party fails to fulfill his obligations¡